Based on OpenFoam open source software,this paper builds three⁃dimensional flow model under VOF method.Stratified flow,wave flow,bubble flow,plug flow and slug flow with different gas⁃liquid velocities in horizontal pipe are simulated and compared with Mandhane flow pattern.The simulation results of horizontal pipe with diameter of 0.05 m and length of 16 m are consistent with theoretical and experimental results,which verify the validity of the model.The model is used to study the process of plugging,growth and evolution of slug flow.The characteristics of interfacial wave during plugging and the characteristics of liquid slug motion under different gas⁃liquid velocity differences are obtained.The phenomenon of liquid slug head projection and the wave⁃like motion of liquid slug are found.

The cellulase production by Penicillium sp. T24-2 and saccharification of sugarcane bagasse were studied by single factor test and orthogonal test. And the character of sugarcane bagasse produced hydrogen by Klebsiella oxytoca HP1 was researched. Single factor test results show that the mass ratio of bagasse to bran, starter material to bagasse, solid material to water and the saccharification time are the main factors affecting the saccharification. By orthogonal test, the optimal mass ratio of bagasse to bran is achieved as 4∶6. For the saccharification, the optimal conditions were obtained as: the mass ratio of starter material to bagasse is 1∶3, the mass ratio of solid material to water is 1∶3. Under above conditions, a saccharification yield of 43.6% after 20 h hydrolysis was obtained. When the saccharification liquid was used for hydrogen production by Klebsiella oxytoca HP1, a yield of 41.0 mL H2/g-bagasse was acquired. The results show that the Penicillium sp. T24-2 is a preferable strain for cellulase production and saccharification of cellulose biomass.

Without any organic solvents and halide, the oxidation of thiophenic sulfur into sulfone which would be extracted by the ionic liquid catalyzed by Na2WO4·2H2O with mass fraction of 30% hydrogen peroxide in acidic ionic liquid ［(CH2)4SO3HMIm］TSO was investigated. Effects of temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst on the reaction of oxidative desulfurization were also investigated. The optimal reaction conditions are as follows: 3 mL oil sample (500 μg/g sulfur content), the ratio of 40∶1 for n(IL)/n(Na2WO4·2H2O), 0.7 mL hydrogen peroxide, reaction temperature of 333 K and reaction time of 2 h. And the rate of desulfurization is 97.4% under this condition.When the reaction was completed, diesel oil and catalyst could be separated by simple decantation. The catalyst could be recycled 4 times without obvious change in catalytic activity.